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应急通讯的尴尬 [复制链接]

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离线BG5JG
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只看该作者 60楼 发表于: 2005-10-22
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离线yzl
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只看该作者 61楼 发表于: 2005-10-27
'
我感觉关键在于自己应具备社会责任感,在任何情况下都要有一颗随时为社会贡献的心,那是不需要谁来认可的。我们福州的一个爱好者在路上遇到别人的交通事故,他就主动把伤者弄到自己的车上应用无线电通过朋友们的指引,找到就近的医院,至今没有任何报道和张扬……但是所有知道的朋友对他的敬意油然而生。
'


我觉得这样的事还是少做的好,特别象上面这位ham更是今我不可思议,他就不怕到时有口难辨:伤者把责任都推到他的身上到那时可就麻烦了。这样的事又不是没有发生过。我觉得最好的方法还是不要碰到伤者,帮忙打个报警电话得了!!!!!!!!!!!!
离线yzl
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只看该作者 62楼 发表于: 2005-10-27
'
还是老老实实玩吧!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
'


业余ham还是以业余为主,以玩为主!!!!!!!!!!!!!
离线BA5TT
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只看该作者 63楼 发表于: 2005-10-28
ham的应急通讯如果没能得以和政府建立起配合机制,那么一切都停留在自我训练阶段。个人估计,在当前一段时间,ham应急通讯很难在各地投入实战。

首先,ham为何物,社会不了解。社会不了解,又如何获得政府的认可?其次,ham活动的娱乐性太强,组织性太弱。fb占了ham户外活动的很大比重,喝酒、钓虾等是ham户外活动的经常项目。如果我是政府的决策者,我宁可在政府体系内建立起专职或兼职的应急通讯队伍,而让ham的应急通讯做辅助。换句话说,政府可以找ham来帮忙,而不太可能让ham来负责。
离线BG5JG
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只看该作者 64楼 发表于: 2005-10-30
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离线BA1HAM
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只看该作者 65楼 发表于: 2005-10-31
业余无线电为救灾应急通信服务,是国际电信联盟《无线电》规则所体现和要求的,也是开放warc频段的理由,国际电信联盟也把它列为发展策略之一。

平时组织一些应急通信训练,不但可以提高通信的技能、尤其是互相协调的能力,也可以鼓励火腿队伍的朝气和纯洁。

我国与救灾有关的机构很多,民政部门、红十字会、地震部门、水利部门...... 当然业余无线电爱好者能与他们取得合作最好,尤其在地方一级。但是如果人家不愿意也没有关系。我国政府和军队的机动能力很强,救灾队伍内部的指挥通信很容易保障,这是很多国家可能不及的。但是突发灾害下任何专业救灾部门都不可能在第一时间把通信面覆盖到灾区的每一个地方。如果那里平时已经有很多业余电台,那么业余通信网就可能为成为唯一的信息收集网,当把这些信息提供给专业救灾队伍时,它就是无价之宝。

其实我们平时的训练主要是为了培养基本联络能力、服务意识和团队精神。万一真的突发严重灾害,可能实际条件与平时训练大相径庭,中继台损坏了,电源中断了,天线瘫倒了,平时善于作网络主控的火腿电台不能发射了,道路切断了,等待救援的信息十分紧急,但还不清楚能够解决问题的目标在何方。到了这个时候,临时应急通信网的效率主要依靠平时的基本功。平时一样玩,练出一些高效率的联络能力岂不更好。

我想,每年搞一、两次全国性的协作应急训练既可以鼓励更多的火腿参与到“时刻准备着”的行列中来,通过协作训练提高临时网络转信的能力,又可以向社会展示火腿的精神面貌和责任心,更多地取得社会对火腿的理解和支持。

业余无线电爱好者因为自己救灾应急通信的义务而感到自豪,在车上张贴标记向社会宣传业余无线电精神,我以为是好事。

不过如果希望利用应急通信训练达为个人或小团体牟取利益,那就不敢苟同了。至于极少数人利用什么应急通信车牌牟取行车的特权和利益,那应该受到指责。

业余无线电应急通信及其训练是火腿自愿的行为,主动性掌握在自己手里,只要做得纯正,无论别人怎么看,都没有什么可尴尬的。

顺便说一句,有的火腿把业余无线电应急通信叫做“抢险”、“抢险队”,帽子大了点。还是按照名副其实的“业余无线电应急通信”或“业余无线电应急通信服务”统一命名比较妥当。

73
chen ba1ham
离线BA5TT
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只看该作者 66楼 发表于: 2005-10-31
非常拥护陈老师“业余无线电应急通信”的提法。最近我刚刚经历了一次业余无线电应急通讯可以发挥作用的情形。

那个台风的深夜,我在单位值班,随着台风的登陆,降雨量骤增(后来知道是200年一遇),俺这嘎的电力、交通、电话、移动、联通、小灵通、有线电视、自来水等等全部中断。通讯的中断并非因为电力中断,是通讯电缆断了。因为暴雨,电线杆下泥土松软,电线杆倒了很多。还因为通讯电缆多是沿路架设,公路坍方、滑坡多处,经过这些地段的电缆统统损坏。这些电缆的修复,需要几天的时间。在大面积受灾和恶劣的情况下,移动/联通的应急通讯车不能解决问题:1、车辆数量有限;2、交通中断。

如果当时我身边有部短波电台就好了,但是我没有。应急通讯实际上会是很艰苦的,通讯中断的地方往往是重灾区。在交通、自来水中断的情况下,通讯操作人员将面临恶劣的条件,如,饮水没有保障、衣物淋湿、吃不好睡不好等等,在饮水都成问题的时候,洗澡是奢侈的梦想。有心脏病的不能参加应急通讯,胃不好的不行,有洁癖的更不行。

补给也可能成很问题,特别是燃油。交通中断后,加油站库存的油用顶不了几天,灾后头一两天还加得到油,过几天很多加油站卖完油进不了货都关门,直到交通恢复后加油站供油才开始恢复。燃油必然是应急通讯的能源最主要来源,如果能有太阳能供电系统和接收耗电小的电台是最好的。

应急通讯会很艰苦的,我敢肯定其艰苦程度超过很多ham的预计,一些ham可能因此望而却步。我建议,比较发烧的应急通讯训练,应该携带所有器材和一切生活用品步行5km,到没有电话、没有手机信号、没有自来水和其他自然水源的山里呆上3天。其间饮食、露营、补给自理,最重要的是保证全天能和数十公里之外特定台站建立短波通联。

应急通讯地点不能保证都是一马平川,可能是山区,或和通联台站之间有大山障碍,因此,短波通联成为业余无线电通讯准备中的必备项目。试想,如果轻易能用uhv/vhf通联,那这种地方可能手机信号就能覆盖。移动/联通的应急通讯车和业余无线电应急通讯相比,最没有优势的就手机信号不能被电离层反射,没有逾越大山的绕射能力。80m波段应该成为短波业余应急通讯的重点,因为在几十km的距离内40m在深夜会越距,这种情况在40m地波被阻挡而不能到达的情形下就很明显了。

上面说了一些俺亲身经历严重自然灾害后对业余无线电应急通讯的一些想法,有些危言耸听,不是所有的应急通讯情形都这样,但也不是所有的应急通讯情形都不这样。
离线bd4ji
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只看该作者 67楼 发表于: 2005-11-06
"it seems to us . . ." katrina
by the arrl hq katrina team
november 1, 2005


while hurricane katrina's wrath was directed at coastal louisiana, mississippi and alabama, soon after katrina's landfall it became obvious that radio amateurs throughout the country would be needed to respond to a crisis of unprecedented scale. the credit for amateur radio's outstanding response belongs to the front-line volunteers, but we would like you to know how arrl headquarters geared up to give them needed support.

the situation required a greater than usual role for the arrl staff. we were called upon to become an information clearinghouse for katrina volunteers and served agencies, to coordinate logistics, field public relations and media inquiries, and to manage monetary and equipment contributions.

we responded by forming an internal team to handle the crisis. chief operating officer harold kramer, wj1b and interim field services manager dave patton, nn1n led the team. under their leadership, the team met daily to assess the situation and make necessary adjustments.

one of the critical areas was the increased demand for information from local and national media. media and public relations manager allen pitts, w1agp, fielded inquiries that resulted in articles appearing in the wall street journal, the washington post, msnbc, the new york times, the christian science monitor, national public radio and hundreds of other media outlets. allen responded to hundreds of inquiries to tell the amateur radio story...and they're still coming in. allen also spent a couple of days at the red cross headquarters in montgomery, alabama handling the media requests that were overwhelming the communications volunteers.

we also needed to quickly find a way to register hams who volunteered to serve in the gulf region. with the help of ab2m's existing database, our manager of web development, jon bloom, ke3z, and his staff, created an on-line volunteer database for hams who were willing to travel to the gulf. at the same time, we received urgent requests from agencies in desperate need of amateur operators. our solution was an on-line based database where operators could match the agency needs with their time, expertise and equipment.

we created a prominent section of the arrl web site dedicated to katrina resources and information. news editor rick lindquist, n1rl, kept the web site updated with the latest information. the large volunteer response required us to provide detailed instructions to hams traveling to the gulf coast including the need for each ham to be a completely self-sustaining unit with their own food, water and shelter.

the amateur radio industry helped in the effort by making significant contributions of equipment and supplies. the equipment included everything from handheld transceivers and hf rigs to headsets, power supplies, batteries, antennas and coax. we sent the equipment to areas where ham gear was damaged or destroyed or where more permanent installations were required. dennis motschenbacher, k7bv, janet rocco, w1jlr, wayne mills, n7ng, and norm fusaro, w3iz, coordinated the equipment procurement and shipping. dennis went to montgomery where he assisted alabama section manager greg sarratt, w4ozk, who was managing the red cross communications efforts for 250 shelters and kitchens.

communications between the hq and the various parts of the arrl field organization was one of our most important and critical functions. steve ewald, wv1x, acted as the link between headquarters, section managers (sms) and section emergency coordinators (secs) in the gulf. a daily sm/sec conference call to the field team was coordinated through arrl headquarters. the conference call was used to assess the situation, communicate important information between sms and provide support where needed.

as information continued to flow into headquarters, it became clear that we needed to monitor hf activity over the holiday weekend. w1aw station manager joe carcia, nj1q, monitored the emergency nets for potential interference and passed emergency traffic as needed. team members took shifts to monitor 20, 40 and 80 meters, 24 hours a day through the labor day weekend. bill moore, nc1l, dxcc manager, monitored the nets and acted as a relay station and net controller during the overnight shifts.

the hq staff also stayed in daily contact with arrl served agencies and other volunteer organizations. former field services manager rosalie white, k1sto, participated in a daily conference call with voad, voluntary organizations active in disaster. she was the eyes and ears of ham radio, listening for problems where hams could help.

our development department, under the leadership of chief development officer mary hobart, k1mmh, established a set of "ham aid" reimbursement procedures so radio amateurs volunteering to provide emergency communication in the field during the hurricane katrina disaster can recover some out-of-pocket expenses. the corporation for national and community service (cncs) has provided a $100,000 grant supplement to the arrl to help fund this effort. one generous donor contributed an additional $7,000.

while many on the headquarters staff were involved in the day to day response to hurricane katrina, other arrl staff members pitched in to cover the organization's day to day operations in membership, publications, vec, club relations, dxcc and contesting. in a very real sense, the response to katrina involved the entire arrl--members, volunteers and staff.

as we pen these words, hurricane rita is bearing down on the texas coast. we all earnestly hope that the lessons learned from katrina will keep rita and subsequent natural disasters from matching katrina for death, destruction and disruption. come what may, we at arrl headquarters will do everything possible to support volunteer amateur radio operators and served agencies that depend on amateur radio, especially...when all else fails.

___________________________________________________________________________________

amateur radio volunteers fill communication gap when telephones fail (oct 25, 2005) -- when a telephone outage occurred in southern california october 18, the long beach emergency communications and operations center (ecoc) declared a "communication failure protocol," and ares/races members and other ham radio volunteers stepped in to help. the outage disabled 911 service in communities along the coast and through parts of los angeles and orange counties. it also cut off at least 150,000 telephone and internet service customers for up to 12 hours along with many cell phone users. radio amateurs worked with police and fire officials to support the departments with auxiliary communications. hams also were stationed at 17 of the largest nursing homes in town. the emergency net successfully relayed traffic through the ecoc to the hospitals, nursing homes and ambulance services, ensuring access to 911. when the city of long beach built its new ecoc three years ago emergency services coordinator casey chel, kd6dov, had the foresight to include a complete amateur radio facility for those rare occasions when all other communication systems might fail. those plans paid off on october 18.--associated
离线bd4ji
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只看该作者 68楼 发表于: 2005-11-06
amateur radio "saved the day" in mississippi; rita recovery continues in texas

newington, ct, oct 7, 2005--amateur radio volunteers in jasper county, texas, continue to support mass-feeding operations by the salvation army, which has been coordinating with other relief agencies to provide meals to residents displaced by hurricane rita. amateur volunteers will meet with salvation army personnel this weekend to discuss the need for amateur radio support beyond this weekend. meanwhile, arrl alabama sm greg sarratt, w4ozk--who's been handling the intake of american red cross volunteers in montgomery, alabama--has been visiting arc shelters along the mississippi gulf coast. shelters there are in the process of closing down. in gulfport, amateur radio volunteers continue to support communication for the emergency operations center (eoc) in harrison county, where they've been a mainstay since hurricane katrina struck in late august.

"if it hadn't been for amateur radio operators, we would not have had communications with other agencies," said col joe spraggins of the harrison county emergency management agency. "even with the advancements in our radio technology, ham radio saved the day! thank you."

christy hardin, kb7bsa, a southern baptist disaster relief volunteer from alabama who, with her husband rick, kb4bsa, has been in the gulf coast twice following hurricane katrina says the mississippi coast amateur radio association's 2-meter repeater never went off the air, even at the height of the storm. "over the two weeks following the storm, hundreds of emergency messages as well as third-party interagency communications were handled," she told arrl.

she had nothing but praise for those who have been volunteering to maintain communication at the eoc 24/7 in some cases despite having lost their own homes to the storm. "the storm came and went and left in its wake the injured, the dead, the destruction which was to become the fabric of nightmares," she said. "the four or five operators who worked around the clock for nearly a month are the true heroes."

in particular, she cited ares district emergency coordinator tom hammack, w4wlf, ray taber, wx5aaa, glover hayden, w5blv, and john moore, w5eg, for serving unselfishly on behalf of mississippi gulf coast residents. an instructor for all three levels of the arrl amateur radio emergency communications course, hardin says she was "thrilled to see it in action" as the eoc volunteers performed as true professionals. "this is why we train in emergency communications," she said. "this is why amateur radio is a vital part of any emergency plan."

south texas arrl section manager ray taylor, n5nav, this week estimated upward of 60 amateur radio volunteers were on the ground in texas, many supporting american red cross-sponsored and makeshift shelters scattered throughout the area. ham radio volunteers are deployed in beaumont and orange. north texas sec bill swan, k5mwc, has been helping to recruit and schedule ares members from his section to assist in the mass-care operations in jasper county.

taylor says radio amateurs in north texas and arkansas have been helping to cover net control shifts and to serve as relay stations for the west gulf ares emergency net on 7.285 mhz days/3.873 mhz evenings.

scott pederson, ki5dr, reports he just returned home from three days in jasper county, texas, working with john wagner, wa5vbp, charles fletcher, n5boy, and john barber, n5jb. "i spent a couple of days with vhf and hf riding around in a salvation army truck," he reports. "our job was to deliver hot meals to various locations around a three-county area with five salvation army trucks and also several red cross trucks working together." ham radio, he says, helped to coordinate the delivery routes by the various agencies involved with an eye toward eliminating duplication. he said vhf fm simplex was okay for local work, but the west gulf ares emergency net was very reliable, although busy with traffic from louisiana.

"even though regular phones are working most of the time, it's really the hams that are the communicators of the group," he said. our ability to understand the issues and express concerns and suggestions in a clear and concise manner has helped solve a variety of issues that crop up during the day.

pederson also lauded the efforts of the salvation army, american red cross and arkansas methodist men's volunteers. "everyone is focused and cares deeply about their tasks," he said, "and things are happening at lightning speed throughout the day."

in louisiana, sec gary stratton, k5gls, said earlier this week that some 45 amateur radio volunteers remained on hurricane recovery duty there. "things are settling down," stratton told arrl.
离线bd4ji
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只看该作者 69楼 发表于: 2005-11-06
看看美国ham是如何在应急通信中发挥作用的吧。


我现在所在的nzart auckland branch的club station zl1aa同时也是奥克兰的业余无线电应急通信中心,除了两台发电机以外有三块12v 200ah的铅酸蓄电池保持充满的状态。虽然很多年来都没有真正用过,但没有俱乐部成员对这些应急准备表示任何的疑问,绝对不会说因为原来没有发挥过作用而放弃。

按照应急通信的要求电台必须是一个自给自足的“self sustained”。从电源到食物、饮水都要自己准备充足。nzart每年的field day contest就是应急通信的一个演练,不能使用市电,电台和操作人员必须在帐篷里操作,电台(包括帐篷)必须在比赛当天架设,频段使用40/80m...
离线ling12
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只看该作者 70楼 发表于: 2005-11-07
都让你们说了.自知之明比什么都重要.
离线BG5JG
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只看该作者 71楼 发表于: 2005-11-07
用户被禁言,该主题自动屏蔽!
离线jhptz
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只看该作者 72楼 发表于: 2005-11-08
人家美国不太平,只能说明我们中国太平啊。。。!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
离线bd4kg
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只看该作者 73楼 发表于: 2005-11-09
还是发展多的会员吧!就这几个会员,占不到0.005%的率。到了有用的时候,就发挥不了作用了。
努力发展会员,加强自身的无线电的技能和应急水平!时刻准备吧!
离线Bruce
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只看该作者 74楼 发表于: 2005-11-10
'
我感觉关键在于自己应具备社会责任感,在任何情况下都要有一颗随时为社会贡献的心,那是不需要谁来认可的。我们福州的一个爱好者在路上遇到别人的交通事故,他就主动把伤者弄到自己的车上应用无线电通过朋友们的指引,找到就近的医院,至今没有任何报道和张扬……但是所有知道的朋友对他的敬意油然而生。
'
严重同意前面所说部分:要有一颗随时为社会贡献的心.但坚决反对后面说的.在深圳就有一为ham救死扶伤.最后被告而且赔钱了.理由是他不是专业的医护人员搬动伤者,给伤者造成更大的伤害.但当时这位ham友判断要是等救护车来了再不救这人就迟了.社会上什么人都有.好人可以做,有些好事就不能做.类似这中情况打个122或110就行了.
离线残月
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只看该作者 75楼 发表于: 2005-11-26
在中国的特定形式条件下,有很多事情不是说好事,就一定能办成.   啊!
离线BG4IVX
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只看该作者 76楼 发表于: 2005-11-30
我为应急通讯做的准备:
8900车台+m510天线+100ah电瓶*2
在应急状态下,当地中继不能使用,停电........
我可以使用8900呼叫方圆10公里内的手台,并可以把他们的信号转发到50公里外的中继上,如果10公里内再用一套,就可以转成同段中继或随意转到外地u或v段中继上.
离线cq2000
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只看该作者 77楼 发表于: 2005-12-25
''应急通讯''其实是有关部门给ham玩的一个事情,要我们没事玩玩不要用无线电做一些违法的事情.其实用几个业余电台组建的系统是很微小的,现在的领导.媒体是要了解全面的资讯,你的电台能胜任吗,所以说也只有它的系统破坏完了你的才有用,你希望这一天吗?
离线梦之岛0
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只看该作者 78楼 发表于: 2006-01-29
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离线柠檬
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只看该作者 79楼 发表于: 2006-02-07
在几次登山救援当中还是用到了业余电台,不过我估计登协用黑电台可能更多一些。